Scientists identify potential cause for 40% of pre-term births
Scientists from UCL and Queen Mary University of London have identified what they believe could be a cause of pre-term premature rupture of the foetal membrane (PPROM) which accounts for 40 per cent of pre-term births, the main reason for infant death world-wide.
The researchers used bioengineering techniques to test the effect of repetitive stretch on tissues of the amniotic membrane which surrounds and protects the baby prior to birth.
They found that stretching of the amniotic membrane leads to the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which is damaging to both the cells and mechanical structure of the tissue. This overproduction activates the stretch-sensitive protein connexin 43 (Cx43) and reduces the mechanical properties of the membrane potentially, leading to rupture and pre-term birth.
The research is the first to look at the role of Cx43 in causing PPROM.
The team are now researching possible treatments that would allow the amniotic membrane to be repaired.
Co-author of the research, Dr Tina Chowdhury from the School of Engineering and Material Sciences at Queen Mary University of London, said, “To have potentially found a way to reduce pre-term births and prevent early deaths of young babies worldwide is incredibly exciting. The unique bioengineering tools at QMUL have allowed us to test the tissue in a way that has never been done before. This gives us an understanding of both the mechanical as well as biological mechanisms involved and will help us to develop therapies that will reduce the number of pre-term births.”
Dr Anna David, a consultant in obstetrics and pre-term birth from the UCL Institute for Women’s Health and a co-author of the paper, said,“Our findings have provided a new understanding of why pregnant women who have pre-term contractions go on to rupture their membranes early. The new project funded by the Rosetrees Trust could lead to a therapy that will heal the amniotic membrane and reduce preterm births. This has the potential to save many lives worldwide and improve the health and well-being of women during pregnancy and their families after birth.” University College London
